Implementing value objects Microsoft Docs. As discussed in earlier sections about entities and aggregates, identity is fundamental for entities. However, there are many objects and data items in a system that do not require an identity and identity tracking, such as value objects. A value object can reference other entities. For example, in an application that generates a route that describes how to get from one point to another, that route would be a value object. It would be a snapshot of points on a specific route, but this suggested route would not have an identity, even though internally it might refer to entities like City, Road, etc. Figure 9 1. 3 shows the Address value object within the Order aggregate. Echo Program In Java. Figure 9 1. 3. Address value object within the Order aggregate. As shown in Figure 9 1. For example, Order can be modeled as an entity with an identity and composed internally of a set of attributes such as Order. Id, Order. Date, Order. Items, etc. But the address, which is simply a complex value composed of country, street, city, etc. Important characteristics of value objects. There are two main characteristics for value objects They have no identity. They are immutable. The first characteristic was already discussed. Immutability is an important requirement. The values of a value object must be immutable once the object is created. Therefore, when the object is constructed, you must provide the required values, but you must not allow them to change during the objects lifetime. Vol. 7, No. 3, May, 2004. Mathematical and Natural Sciences. Study on Bilinear Scheme and Application to Threedimensional Convective Equation Itaru Hataue and Yosuke. We take a look at the core principles of Domain Driven Design, or DDD, how Agile development teams can apply the principles of DDD, and their benefits. DomainDriven Design Tackling Complexity in the Heart of Software. Eric Evans AddisonWesley, 59. ISBN 0321125215. Value objects allow you to perform certain tricks for performance, thanks to their immutable nature. This is especially true in systems where there may be thousands of value object instances, many of which have the same values. Their immutable nature allows them to be reused they can be interchangeable objects, since their values are the same and they have no identity. This type of optimization can sometimes make a difference between software that runs slowly and software with good performance. Of course, all these cases depend on the application environment and deployment context. Value object implementation in CIn terms of implementation, you can have a value object base class that has basic utility methods like equality based on comparison between all the attributes since a value object must not be based on identity and other fundamental characteristics. The following example shows a value object base class used in the ordering microservice from e. Shop. On. Containers. Value. 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Values Get. Atomic. Values. Get. Enumerator. IEnumeratorlt object other. Values other. Get. Atomic. Values. Get. Enumerator. Values. Move. Next other. I/51sZW87slRL._SR600%2C315_PIWhiteStrip%2CBottomLeft%2C0%2C35_PIAmznPrime%2CBottomLeft%2C0%2C-5_PIStarRatingFOURANDHALF%2CBottomLeft%2C360%2C-6_SR600%2C315_ZA(104%20Reviews)%2C445%2C286%2C400%2C400%2Carial%2C12%2C4%2C0%2C0%2C5_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg' alt='Domain-Driven Design Tackling Complexity In The Heart Of Software' title='Domain-Driven Design Tackling Complexity In The Heart Of Software' />Values. Move. Next. Reference. Equalsthis. Values. Current, null. Reference. Equalsother. Values. Current, null. Values. Current null amp. Values. Current. Equalsother. Values. Current. Values. Move. Next Values. Move. Next. Other utilility methods. You can use this class when implementing your actual value object, as with the Address value object shown in the following example public class Address Value. Object. public String Street get private set. String City get private set. String State get private set. String Country get private set. String Zip. Code get private set. Addressstring street, string city, string state. Street street. City city. State state. Country country. Zip. Code zipcode. IEnumerablelt object Get. Atomic. Values. Street. City. State. yield return Country. Zip. Code. Hiding the identity characteristic when using EF Core to persist value objects. A limitation when using EF Core is that in its current version EF Core 1. EF 6. x. Therefore, you must store your value object as an EF entity. However, you can hide its ID so you make clear that the identity is not important in the model that the value object is part of. You hide the ID is by using the ID as a shadow property. Since that configuration for hiding the ID in the model is set up in the infrastructure level, it will be transparent for your domain model, and its infrastructure implementation could change in the future. In e. Shop. On. Containers, the hidden ID needed by EF Core infrastructure is implemented in the following way in the Db. Context level, using Fluent API at the infrastructure project. Fluent API within the Ordering. Context Db. Context in the. Ordering. Infrastructure project. Configure. AddressEntity. Type. Builderlt Address address. Configuration. address. Configuration. To. Tableaddress, DEFAULTSCHEMA. Configuration. Propertylt int Id. Is. Required. address. Configuration. Has. KeyId. Therefore, the ID is hidden from the domain model point of view, and in the future, the value object infrastructure could also be implemented as a complex type or another way. Additional resources.